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Fashion made possible by global trade

Fashion made possible by global trade

Fashion made possible by global trade

Western Hemisphere

  • Bangkok Post: Can ethical supply chains survive tariffs?

    On a 10 October deadline, Bangkok Post reports on the fragility of global supply chains under tariffs:

    Joleen Ong | October 10, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    The fashion industry is one of many that is feeling the weight of tariffs -- disruptions that come at a time when it is struggling to make progress toward previously stated climate and sustainability goals. According to a 2025 benchmarking survey by the US Fashion Industry Association, 100% of 25 leading apparel brands and retailers identified the current administration's protectionist stance and volatile trade relationships as a top challenge, and more than half flagged policy uncertainty, especially retaliatory tariffs, as their primary concern.

    Rather than responding with short-term cost-cutting, though, major consumer-goods companies are making strategic investments to build resilience. For example, retailers like Walmart and Target have front-loaded inventory to absorb tariff shocks ahead of the holiday season, and Apple chartered cargo flights to transport 1.5 million iPhones from India, an option made possible by increasing production with a key supplier.

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • Fibre2Fashion: Tariffs to drive major shift in US fashion sourcing: Report

    On a 5 August deadline, Fibre2Fashion reports on the USFIA's 2025 Benchmarking Study.

    August 5, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    Lu, professor and graduate director in the department of Fashion and Apparel Studies, has partnered with the United States Fashion Industry Association (USFIA), on an annual survey of executives at the top 25 US fashion brands, retailers, importers and wholesalers doing business globally. Members include well-known names like Levi’s, Macy’s, Ralph Lauren and Under Armour, among others.

    The report covers business challenges and outlook, sourcing practices and views on trade policy. It shows tariffs and protectionist policies are the top business challenge for companies, with nearly half reporting declining sales and more than 20 per cent saying they have had to lay off employees. This was followed closely by uncertainty around inflation and the economy, increasing sourcing and production costs, and changes in trade policies from other countries.

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • Fibre2Fashion: US Year End Review 2025: Caught In Its Own Web

    On a 31 December deadline, Fibre2Fashion reports on tariffs' effect in 2025.

    December 31, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    A US Fashion Industry Association study found that tariff policies could not inspire US fashion companies to up domestic sourcing. Seventy per cent of companies surveyed delayed or cancelled sourcing orders due to tariff hikes. Adjusting procurement networks emerged as the most commonly adopted tariff mitigation strategy, with more than 80 per cent of companies diversifying their production footprint to other countries and regions. Around 44 per cent companies desired to expand sourcing from the Western Hemisphere, while 17 per cent planned to source more ‘Made in the USA’ apparel and textiles.

    In reality, higher tariffs directly disadvantaged US-based production. The US garment manufacturing companies depend on yarns, fabrics, and zippers from other countries. Because of tariffs driving up the cost of these raw materials, domestically produced apparel will lack price competitiveness. US fashion brands shifting production to the Western Hemisphere is not a practical alternative either as Asia continues to be a relatively dominant apparel sourcing base for them. Compared to key Asian suppliers, US domestic suppliers lag in product diversity, agility, flexibility, and vertical integration—the vital factors for US fashion companies. Add to that, the current state of US textile production remains a major barrier to domestic sourcing. Between January and July, US production of textiles such as fibres, yarns and fabrics, decreased by 6.2 per cent, while US apparel production fell by 4.3 per cent. The shrinking pool of overall sourcing also hinders orders for US-based producers, which account for less than 10 per cent of a typical fashion company’s sourcing footprint. Challenges also exist for US fashion brands attempting to source ‘sustainably’ from domestic suppliers. Although most companies are likely to source clothing made with sustainable textiles in the US, including recycled, organic or regenerative materials, new infrastructure investments are needed urgently to up production capacity.

    Read the full article here. 

  • Just Style: Can Haiti apparel sector survive Hurricane Melissa, HOPE/HELP loss?

    On a 31 October deadline, Just Style reports on recent natural disasters in Haiti and discusses HOPE/HELP program renewal:

    Isatou Ndure| October 31, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    Julie Hughes, president of the US Fashion Industry Association (USFIA) tells Just Style she is very concerned about the impact of Hurricane Melissa on her colleagues in Haiti: “We know that there is major flooding and damage in key areas, but we do not yet have much information or a full assessment of the situation. We expect it could be several days before we know more.”

    Hurricane adds to Haiti apparel sector’s ongoing trade uncertainty

    The devastation adds a new strain to Haiti’s apparel sector as it was already grappling with the loss of key US trade benefits under the HOPE (Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act) and HELP (Haiti Economic Lift Program Act) schemes, which expired in September 2025.

    The programmes had underpinned Haiti’s export-driven garment industry by granting duty-free access to the US market, so without them manufacturers face higher costs.

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • Just Style: China-US tariff reduction ‘positive’ but too high for apparel sourcing

    On a 31 October deadline, Just Style reports on the recent China-US Tariff reduction: 

    Laura Husband | October 31, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    United States Fashion Industry Association (USFIA) president Julie Hughes shares Lamar’s sentiment, adding: “We are pleased to see a de-escalation of the trade tensions between the US and China. We hope that the two sides really are close to an agreement and look forward to more certainty for fashion brands and retailers.”

    University of Delaware professor of fashion and apparel studies Dr Sheng Lu sees the newly announced US-China “trade deal” as providing “several benefits to fashion companies and their suppliers”.

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • Just Style: What’s next for apparel sourcing in 2026?

    On a 16 December deadline, Sourcing Journal reports on tariffs' effect in 2025.

    Isatou Ndure| December 16, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    How can brands plan when tariffs shift overnight?

    United States Fashion Industry Association (USFIA) president Julie Hughes exclusively tells Just Style: “While we hope 2026 will be different, we anticipate that fashion brands and retailers will continue to face uncertainty for sourcing to the US because of the Trump tariffs.”

    In May 2025, US President Donald Trump paused the 145% tariffs on Chinese goods for 90 days. By mid-August 2025, the tariff truce was extended until 10 November, with the US keeping a 30% tariff on Chinese imports and China maintaining 10% on US goods.

    “Unpredictability will make it difficult for brands and retailers to be confident in their sourcing strategies since everything could be turned upside down by sudden changes in tariffs,” adds Hughes.

    She says that even if the Supreme Court blocks reciprocal tariffs, “the Administration says they will use other types of tariff measures… the threat of more tariffs remains a key risk for sourcing.”

    Read the full article here. 

  • Sourcing Journal: Cotton Coalition Pushes BACA in House

    On a 27 February deadline, Sourcing Journal reports on the recent Buying American Cotton Act.

    Alexandra Harrell | February 27, 2026

    The following is an excerpt....

    In the letter, the group describes the bill as an opportunity to strengthen the American cotton supply chain “from farm to retail,” arguing that federal procurement policy can reinforce domestic production while supporting producers, manufacturers and retailers tied to U.S.-grown fiber.

    Comprising 78 undersigning organizations, it cut across agriculture, manufacturing and retail. Big brands like Gap, Levi’s, Ralph Lauren, Target, Under Armour and Victoria’s Secret are all there, alongside the U.S. Fashion Industry Association. But the bulk of the signatories actually come from state-level and commodity-backed groups: think Farm Bureau chapters, cotton growers and regional co-ops from Arizona to the Carolinas. 

    “On behalf of our members, we support the initiative by the U.S. cotton producers. Fashion brands and retailers work closely with the cotton producers and, of course, we are their customers,” said Julia Hughes, the USFIA‘s president. “This is a creative effort to offer an incentive that benefits both the cotton producers and the retailers. To my knowledge, this type of program has never been tried before, and we are pleased to be a part of the effort.”

     

    Read the full article here

  • Sourcing Journal: Industry Has Swift and Varied Reactions to Supreme Court Tariff Decision

    On a 20 February deadline, Sourcing Journal reports on the recent Supreme Court Ruling regarding IEEPA Tariffs. 

    Kate Nishimura | February 20, 2026

    The following is an excerpt....

    Calling the ruling “a tremendous victory for American consumers and American businesses,” Julia Hughes, president of the U.S. Fashion Industry Association, said fashion brands and retailers already pay some of the highest tariffs on apparel and footwear.

    “This is a positive step forward to improve affordability and remove the economic uncertainty that has held back many companies from making new investments,” she added.

    But now that the decision has been made, one key issue remains at the forefront for the fashion sector: tariff refunds.

    Read the full article here. 

  • Sourcing Journal: Nicaragua Could Face 100% Tariffs After Probe Finds Labor Abuses That Harm US Commerce

    On a 21 October deadline, Sourcing Journal reports on recent labor abuse reports in Nicaragua: 

    Jasmin Malik Chua| October 21, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    Writing in an email, Julia Hughes, president of the United States Fashion Industry Association, described the situation as a complex one. In her comment to Tai’s office in December, she had asked USTR to recognize the importance of an integrated Central America apparel and textile supply chain.

    Hughes also questioned whether Section 301 was the right vehicle for sanctions when there are other statutory authorities that “explicitly” penalize bad actors, such as the Global Magnitsky Act. She said that despots foster deplorable conditions because they want to rule as despots, not because they seek to “burden or restrict U.S. commerce” as required by Section 301.

    “USFIA strongly condemns the ongoing violations of labor rights and human rights in Nicaragua, and strongly condemns the erosion of the rule of law within the country,” Hughes said. “[But] we urge USTR to consider whether tariffs on Nicaraguan-origin apparel would punish the Ortega-Murillo regime or, in fact, would have the opposite effect of weakening independent institutions within the country.”

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • Sourcing Journal: Weak Consumer Demand, Tariff Turmoil Set the Stage for 2026

    On a 2 January deadline, Sourcing Journal reports on tariffs' effect in 2025.

    Katie Nashimura | January 2, 2026

    The following is an excerpt....

    All 90 countries hit with tariffs will see more “visible and significant” impacts to their exports to the U.S. in 2026, though. Apparel as a category will be particularly hard hit by new duties, and Lu believes fashion firms “will face increased pressure to control their sourcing costs and protect their profit margins.”

    With that scenario as a backdrop, fashion companies will likely turn to diversification to navigate market and trade policy uncertainties, he added. A 2025 Fashion Industry Benchmarking Study released by the U.S. Fashion Industry Association (USFIA) showed a record number of U.S. fashion brands and retailers (over 80 percent) were sourcing from 10 or more countries. Nearly 60 percent of them said their sourcing portfolios would continue to expand in 2026, and they’re looking for vendors with the ability to produce across multiple countries to mitigate risk.

    Read the full article here. 

  • Supply Chain Dive: Tariffs aren’t swaying fashion brands toward domestic sourcing

    On a 6 February deadline, Supply Chain DIve reports on ongoing US Trade policy uncertainty. 

    Kelly Stroh | October 8, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    There is “no clear evidence” that the Trump administration’s tariff policies have swayed U.S. fashion companies to up domestic sourcing, according to a 2025 Fashion Industry Benchmarking Study published from the U.S. Fashion Industry Association.

    Each of the 25 fashion companies surveyed between April and June for the report said they expect higher tariff and trade barrier costs this year. Around 70% of respondents reported that they had delayed or canceled sourcing orders due to tariff hikes from the Trump administration.
    So far, adjusting procurement networks has been the most commonly adopted tariff mitigation strategy, per the study, with more than 80% of respondents saying that they would diversify their production footprint to other countries and regions.

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • The Express Tribune: Pakistan's textile vision takes centre stage in Canada

    On a 9 October deadline, the Express Tribune reports on the upcoming ATS 2025 Conference.

    October 9, 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    Julie Hughes, president of the US Fashion Industry Association, echoed the sentiment, stressing that in unpredictable times it was "more important than ever" for US and Canadian brands to meet key global suppliers.

    Her association participated in discussions on how trade policy developments in the United States could impact sourcing decisions across North America, underscoring the interdependence of regional markets.

    The programmes also included daily sessions led by trend forecasting agency Peclers Paris, which made its debut at the Canadian show. The agency offered insights into colour forecasting, brand strategy, and the evolving aesthetics of global fashion.

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • The Financial Express: American brands push for tax refunds as RMG exporters eye order surge

    On a 23 February deadline, the Financial Express reports on the recent US Supreme Court Ruling on IEEPA-based tariffs.

    Monira Munni| February 23, 2026


    Two major American trade organisations representing textile and apparel brands, retailers and importers have demanded refunds of import taxes following a US Supreme Court ruling that struck down President Donald Trump's sweeping global tariffs.

    The American Apparel and Footwear Association (AAFA) and the United States Fashion Industry Association (USFIA) welcomed the Supreme Court decision that invalidated the use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose tariffs and mandated refunds of hundreds of billions of dollars collected under the measure.

    Meanwhile, garment exporters in Bangladesh expect increased work orders from US buyers, saying the court ruling could improve buyers' purchasing capacity once the import taxes they paid are refunded.
    In a statement on Friday, AAFA President and CEO Steve Lamar said, "We are confident in Customs and Border Protection's (CBP's) ability to move quickly and provide clear guidance to American businesses on how to obtain refunds for tariffs that were unlawfully collected."

    He added that the CBP's modernised electronic refund process should help expedite repayments and urged the administration to work with Congress and stakeholders before considering any future tariff action.

    The AAFA represents apparel, footwear and other sewn-product companies and their suppliers competing in the global market, contributing more than $523 billion annually in US retail sales.

    In a separate statement, USFIA President Julia Hughes termed the Supreme Court ruling a "tremendous victory" for American consumers and businesses, noting that fashion brands and retailers already paid some of the highest tariffs on apparel and footwear.
    She said that this is a positive step forward to improve affordability and remove the economic uncertainty that has held back many companies from making new investments.

    "We call on the Trump Administration to move quickly to develop an efficient and automatic refund process that returns tariff money to the businesses that have paid more than $133 billion in IEEPA tariffs," she added.
    USFIA represents textile and apparel brands, retailers, importers, and wholesalers based in the United States and doing business globally.

    Talking to the FE, Shovon Islam, managing director of Sparrow Group, said that after the court ruling, American buyers are likely to receive tax refunds, which will improve their financial situation.

    Buyers had reduced order volumes following the tariff hikes as the added costs weakened consumer demand and forced them to adjust purchases within their existing budgets, he explained.

    Islam added that a subsequent 15 per cent tariff announcement by Trump -- lower than the earlier 19 per cent applied to Bangladesh -- would not create major difficulties for buyers.

    He also said Bangladesh could become a preferred destination for US buyers as orders shift from China.

    According to US official data, Bangladesh earned $8.20 billion from garment exports to the US, posting 11.75 per cent year-on-year growth despite an overall decline in America's apparel imports.

     

    View the full article here. 

  • Vogue Business: What the US-India Trade Deal Could Mean for Fashion’s Supply Chains

    On a 6 February deadline, Vogue Business reports on the recent US India Trade Deal.

    Jessica Binns| February 6, 2026

    The following is an excerpt....

    India’s appeal as a sourcing destination extends beyond tariffs, and industry data suggests the country was already gaining ground before last year’s disruption. According to the US Fashion Industry Association’s 2025 Fashion Industry Benchmarking study, 77% of surveyed US fashion brands and retailers reported sourcing from India in 2025, with another 60% planning to expand sourcing through 2027. That momentum hit a speed bump when US tariffs on Indian goods exceeded 50%. Between September and November, India’s apparel exports to the US declined 16.25% year-on-year, underscoring how quickly punitive duties can suppress order flow, says Dr. A. Sakthivel, chair of India’s Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC).

     

    Read the full article here. 

  • WIIT Communique: The WTO Created a Win for Consumers and Manufacturers- Lessons from the Textile Industry

    On a June deadline, WIIT featured an essay from Julie Hughes, President of USFIA on outlook on tariffs.

    Julie Hughes | June 2025

    The following is an excerpt....

    Looking back, the WTO agreement is a win-win-win. It’s a win with lower prices and more sourcing options for American families and consumers. It’s a win for the many countries, like Bangladesh or Vietnam or Guatemala, where the textile and apparel sector creates jobs, especially for women who were new to the workforce. It’s even a win for the opponents like the U.S. textile industry. Instead of competition destroying them, the U.S. capital-intensive textile industry is one of the world’s top textile exporters, ranking 5th in the latest WTO global trade statistics. [Yes, China is number one and the EU is number two.]

    What is the future for textile and apparel trade? While the quotas are a distant memory, tariffs are the next frontier. U.S. MFN tariffs on apparel average 16% and can be as high as 32%. In the past 30 years the only way to reduce tariffs is to negotiate a Free Trade Agreement or be eligible for a trade preference program. This is an example of what multilateral trade negotiations could accomplish. And a great way to support Fashion Made Possible by Global Trade.

     

    Read the full article here. 

About

The United States Fashion Industry Association (USFIA) is dedicated to fashion made possible by global trade.

USFIA represents brands, retailers, importers, and wholesalers based in the United States and doing business globally. Founded in 1989, USFIA works to eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers that impede the fashion industry’s ability to trade freely and create jobs in the United States.

Headquartered in Washington, DC, USFIA is the voice of the fashion industry in front of the U.S. government as well as international governments and stakeholders.  With constant, two-way communication, USFIA staff and counsel serve as the eyes and ears of our members in Washington and around the world, enabling them to stay ahead of the regulatory challenges of today and tomorrow. Through our publications, educational events, and networking opportunities, USFIA also connects with key stakeholders across the value chain including U.S. and international service providers, suppliers, and industry groups.

 

News

The State of Tariffs

President Trump has made sweeping changes to U.S. tariffs since he began his second term in January 2025. From the Liberation Day tariffs to the various Section 122 and 301 investigations and tariffs, U.S. trade has shifted more in the past year than almost anytime in history. USFIA is pleased to provide the following resources to those wanting to learn more about the state of tariffs in 2026.

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Increase in prices for apparel in the short run due to new tariffs

Higher tariffs on apparel translate into real increased expenses for American consumers.

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Total number of new and modified tariff actions this year

Tariff actions taken so far in 2025 impact every single country; including those with no trade to the U.S. and trusted trading partners.

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Estimated tariff increase on apparel imports

From research by Dr. Sheng Lu. If the value of US textile and apparel imports in 2025 remains unchanged from 2024, the reciprocal tariff would result in nearly $35 billion in total tariff duties on these products—an increase of $19.9 billion compared to the current tariff levels.

Events

Reports

2026 Sourcing Trends & Outlook

USFIA's 2026 Sourcing Trends & Outlook is out with data from the full year of 2025. Members can log-in to the website to download it here

This is the thirteenth USFIA Sourcing Trends & Outlook Report, our annual look at the sourcing landscape for the fashion industry. 2025 will be remembered as the year of the Trump tariffs. U.S. imports fell as brands and retailers had to navigate a new level of uncertainty for sourcing and for costs. The reciprocal tariffs affected all countries, except for USMCA-qualifying production from Canada and Mexico.

As we look ahead to 2026, there still is a lot of uncertainty. The reciprocal tariffs were struck down by the Supreme Court, but the Trump Administration still is committed to impose tariffs above the MFN rates. The global tariffs imposed under Section 122 expire on July 24th and Administration officials say they will use other trade laws such as Section 301 and Section 232 to authorize more tariffs.

Even with the tariff disruptions, some of the major sourcing trends remain the same as in recent years. Asian suppliers continue to dominate apparel sourcing. The top seven apparel suppliers are China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan, and they ship 78% of apparel imports.

The top 5 sourcing trends in the report are:

  1. Asian apparel suppliers continue to dominate sourcing.
  2. China maintains its role as the top apparel supplier by quantity, and Vietnam is the top supplier by value.
  3. Average unit values for textiles and apparel imports had only modest increases.
  4. Some of the fastest growth in 2025 comes from major apparel suppliers.
  5. Despite tariff disruptions, FTAs and preference programs remain underutilized. CAFTA remains the major duty-free supplier.

 

While U.S. apparel imports decreased from many suppliers, there still are some clear winners from the tariff disruptions. Five of the top ten suppliers had double digit increases. Some of the fastest-growing suppliers are Asian-based apparel industries that took market share from China.

sourcing2026 fastest growing apparel suppliers

 

sourcing2026 applied tariff rates

Chart courtesy of Dr. Sheng Lu, Professor in the Department of Fashion and Apparel Studies, University of Delaware.

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